Journal of Graphic Era University

A Fast and robustColor Image Encryption Scheme by Huffman Compression, 5D Chaotic Map and DNA Encoding

S. Navaneethan — 2024-07-15

In the era of information technology, securing the real-time digital image is the greatest challenge especially colour image. In this paper, a colour image encryption scheme is introduced to secure the image based on compression-then-encryption concept. Theproposed method is a hybrid combination of the Chaos techniques for key generation, Huffman Encoding/compression for compression and avoiding colour decomposition, scrambling for more confusion and DNA Encoding for reducing storage size. In order to enhance security, scrambled data are converted to the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, make ADD operation and apply the complementary rules to attain the cipher image. Experimental results have been proved as robustness, accurate and high security against attacks, malicious attacks, differential attacks and statistical attacks. Furthermore, results show that the time speed is faster minimum storage space than the existing colour image encryption scheme.

Fractals as Julia and Mandelbrot Sets via S-iteration

Sanjay Kumar Padaliya — 2024-07-15

To understand the phenomena of expanding symmetries Fractals patterns are an important tool which exhibit similar patterns for different scales. In the present paper, establishing an escape criteria by using S-iteration process to visualize fractals namely Julia and Mandelbrot sets for the function F(w)=aewp+c where c,a∈ C and p≥2. The result obtain is a generalization of the existing algorithm and technique providing fractals for different parameter values. Also, the time taken to obtain fractals for different parameters by using computer software MATLAB is computed in seconds.

Rainwater Quality Disparities Across Malaysian Peninsula Sites

Md. Helal Uddin — 2024-08-12

This research describes the physicochemical quality of harvested rainwater at four distinct locations in Peninsula Malaysia. The evaluation of rainwater quality across different geographic areas aims to provide valuable insights into potential variations and trends in rainwater quality to reduce water demand globally. This analysis is conducted to determine seven properties, namely ammoniacal nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. The results demonstrate that the quality of harvested rainwater meets the raw water quality standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQSM), indicating good quality rainwater in Malaysia. However, the COD for rainwater in all locations exceeded the limit, with a range of 14.1 to 29.7 mg/L, while the maximum limit for COD set by WHO is 10 mg/L, and according to NWQSM standards, it is 10–100 mg/L. The average pH of the collected rainwater is acidic ranged from 4.7 to 5.56. BOD₅ for the collected rainwater is excellent; however, L2 has a slightly higher BOD₅ at 6.5 mg/L, whereas the recommended limit by WHO is 6 mg/L, and the NWQSM standard suggests a range of 1–12 mg/L, with a standard limit of 5–7 mg/L. Nevertheless, DO levels ranged from 7.71 to 7.76 mg/L, indicating an ambient gas concentration in the rainwater. The collected rainwater can be used for portable purposes, gardening, smart farming, and toilet flushing.

Exploring Homophily in Research Collaboration: A Dynamic Centrality Analysis Approach

Laxminarayan Sahoo — 2024-08-22

Homophily is the phenomenon of individuals seeking others who are similar to themselves. Homophily influences the formation of co-authorship networks. In our study, we measure the homophily of the authors based on their affiliation using the co-authorship network. The main contribution of our study is that we test homophily with a dynamic centrality analysis algorithm and find that homophily exists when we measure the authors’ degree within and outside their network. However, homophily does not exist when we use the dynamic centrality analysis algorithm for the same co-authorship network.

Path Through Specified Nodes and Links in a Network

Santosh Kumar OAM — 2024-09-23

A constrained shortest route problem in graph theory is about determination of a shortest path between two given nodes of the network that also visits a given set of specified nodes or a set of specified links before arriving to the destination. These earlier approaches did not consider specified elements containing both nodes and links of the given network. This paper finds a shortest path joining the origin node to the destination node, which is constrained to pass through a set of ‘K’ specified elements of the given network, where K₁ number of elements represent nodes, 0<K₁<K, and K₂ number of elements represent links, where K₁+K₂=K. Alternatively, if the specified elements representing nodes are contained in the set S_n and the remaining elements representing links by the set S_l, and the set of specified elements denoted by the set S_e, then S_e={S_n∪ S_l}. Such restricted path will also have real-life applications. Depending upon the configuration of the specified elements, these constrained paths may have loops. The approach discussed in this paper is a heuristic approach, which finds the required constrained path in a real time.

Blockchain in Healthcare: Overview of Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Sareena Wilson — 2024-10-25

There are numerous healthcare issues which show the potential of blockchain technology such as transparency, interoperability and security of data. Through this study, it tries to offer a very deep explanation of where the Blockchain applications today stand for in the healthcare domain emphasising on possible benefits from the technology and some known challenges that are being faced while actuating those. We then use blockchain applications in the above-mentioned aspects to explain different aspects of use of Blockchain in healthcare like supply chain management, clinical trials, secure medical data exchange and patient empowerment. We also talk about Blockchain from implementation point of view – smart contracts, consensus methods and data privacy. In this publication, we determine whether deploying Blockchain in healthcare raises ethical and legal issues and how existing issues can be addressed. In conclusion, we describe future directions for research and opportunities to use Blockchain to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes.

Consecutive-type Reliability Structures Under Warm Standby Redundancy: Some Advances

Ioannis S. Triantafyllou — 2024-11-04

In the present article, we investigate two different reliability structures, which belong to the class of consecutive-type systems under redundancy policy. The resulting structures consist of $n$ independent components, but they also dispose warm standby ones. The distribution of the number of working warm components at the time of system’s failure is studied in some detail. Among others, explicit expressions for determining the corresponding probability mass function are established. A short discussion for future work is also developed.

Sensitivity Analysis for Deep Learning Data Sets Considering the Human Immune System

Haruki Takeda — 2024-11-08

Recently, open source software (OSS) has been widely used in many fields due to the spread and development facilitated by networks. The characteristics of OSS include no cost and high performance, which make it a significant component of modern society. However, the number of reported faults is increasing due to its vulnerabilities. Detecting these faults requires substantial costs, and correcting the growing number of faults necessitates a large workforce. In this paper, we propose a method for Reliability Assessment of OSS using deep learning based on the human immune system. Additionally, we present several numerical examples based on the proposed method.

Assessment of Wind Energy Potential and Selection of Wind Park Location on the Example of the Trusina Mountain Ridge (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Zdravko Milovanović — 2024-11-08

By signing international declarations and conventions, Bosnia and Herzegovina undertook to promote the production of energy from renewable sources, including wind energy. Designing a wind turbine system at a location requires knowledge of information about wind characteristics and resources, including information about turbulence. A wind energy potential estimates contain a high degree of uncertainty. Using wind data, including the average wind speed, an estimate of resources and possible electricity production is defined, as well as a location specification for one or more turbines. The successful development and location of wind parks depends on the accuracy of the assessment. The end result is a defined possible number of wind turbines on the site and a proposal for their arrangement with micro locations for each of the wind turbines of the future wind park. Within this paper, an example of the analysis of the Trusina wind park, located on the mountain ridge of the same name on the border of the local communities of Nevesinje and Berkovići, Republic of Srpska – Bosnia and Herzegovina, is given. The measurement campaign and a more detailed analysis of the collected data from all measurement stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be of great importance and will serve in determining the most favorable locations for the installation of production capacities based on wind energy. The conducted analysis of wind potential on the example of the Trusina mountain ridge represents a small contribution to solving this issue.

Phenomenology of (3+1) Four Flavour Neutrino Oscillations in Dense Matter

Ashish Shrivastava — 2024-11-18

The mass square difference varies as neutrinos interact with the matter, assuming four flavours of neutrino oscillations. Three regions – vacuum-dominated, resonance-dominated, and matter-dominated – are where the neutrinos oscillate. This research goes on to examine how each of these three locations affects the likelihood of neutrino oscillations and the mass square difference in distinct ways. There are three alternative analytical formulas for the mass square difference. In this study, we have studied the behaviour of neutrino oscillations for four flavours in vacuum-dominated, resonance-dominated, and matter-dominated regions.