Production of Taxol by Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Roots of Himalayan Yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/jgeu0975-1416.1028Keywords:
Taxus wallichiana, endophytes, taxol, Aspergillus, Penicillium.Abstract
Taxol® (generic name – Paclitaxel), the most promising chemotherapeutic
agent was isolated from bark of different Taxus sp. As Taxus species are
threatened with extinction (endangered in Himalaya), thus it is imperative
to develop alternate and sustainable method for commercialization and scale
up production of paclitaxel. In this respect, physical and chemical parameters
are effective and important key points for active compound production par-
ticularly by using endophytic microbes. In the present study, five endophytic
fungi isolated from the roots of Taxus wallichiana, are tested for paclitaxel
production using biochemical and molecular methods. Subsequently, effect
of physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, incubation time, and
medium constituents i.e., salt concentration, carbon and nitrogen sources on
paclitaxel production were also analyzed. Among isolates, two of the fungi
viz. GBPI TWR F1 (Penicillium sp.) and GBPI TWR F5 (Aspergillus sp.)
were found to be paclitaxel producing. The genomic DNA samples were sequenced to confirm the presence of two genes viz. 10-deacetylbaccatin
III-10-O-acetyl transferase (DBAT) and C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-
CoA acyltransferase (BAPT), implicated in paclitaxel biosynthesis. Both
the endophytes showed the amplicons of DBAT and BAPT genes. Results
revealed that after optimization of medium components and physical condi-
tion, paclitaxel production was increased in both the endophytes, maximum
paclitaxel production i.e., 5.45 ± 0.98 mg/L was obtained by GBPI TWR F5
(Aspergillus sp.) following 10 days of incubation at 15◦C in optimized S7
liquid medium composition
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